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Bani Na'im ((アラビア語:بني نعيم), ''Banî Na‘îm'') is a Palestinian town in the southern West Bank located east of Hebron in the Hebron Governorate. Known as Brekke in the pre-Roman era, it was later referred to as "Caphar Barucha" in the 4th-century. The town is best known as the burial place of Lot. Following the Muslim conquest, its name was Arabized as "Kafr al-Barik." The tomb of Lot was turned into a mosque during Islamic rule and remained so under Crusader rule. Later, the Arab tribe of "Bani Nu'aym" settled there, giving the town its current name "Bani Na'im," first used by Muslim scholar Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi in 1690. Bani Na'im grew in population during the British Mandate for Palestine. It joined the 1936–39 Arab revolt as the site of a battle between the irregular Palestinian Arab forces of Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni and the British Army. Following the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, Bani Na'im was annexed by Jordan. It came under Israeli occupation after Israel captured the West Bank during the Six-Day War in 1967. In 1997, Bani Na'im was transferred to Palestinian administration and consequently became a municipality. Today, it serves as a commercial center for Hebron area villages, although most government services are in Hebron. The town had a population of 20,084 inhabitants in 2007. It is situated at a higher elevation than most localities in the area with an altitude of . ==History== Bani Na'im was known as "Brekke" in pre-Ancient Roman times.〔 Biblical scholar Edward Robinson identified the site with "Caphor Barucha" mentioned by Saint Jerome as the burial place of Lot in the 4th-century CE. The modern town was built on the Roman Jewish village of "Kfar Brosha." Jerome wrote that Saint Paula, departing from Hebron, stopped upon the height of Caphar Barucha and looked upon the surrounding region, remembering Lot. According to tradition, Abraham observed the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah from that location.〔Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 2, p. (189 )〕 Following the Muslim conquest of Syria in the mid-7th-century, the village was known as "Kafr Breik" or "Kafr al-Barik."〔 Ali of Herat passed through the village in 1173 CE, noting that it was near Hebron and the burial place of Lot.〔 Along with the town of Dura, Kafr al-Barik became a part of the ''waqf'' ("endowment") for the Ibrahimi Mosque (Cave of the Patriarchs) in Hebron on orders from the Ayyubid ruler of Damascus, al-Mu'azzam Isa on May 2, 1215.〔 15th-century Muslim geographer Imam al-Suyuti also acknowledged Lot was buried in Kafr al-Barik and that in a cave west of the village, beneath an old mosque, laid "sixty prophets of whom twenty were Apostles." He noted that Lot's tomb was a site of "visitation and veneration from ancient times, the men of the age succeeding those who have gone before."〔le Strange, 1890, p.(468 ).〕 In 1517 the town was annexed to the Ottoman Empire along with the rest of the Levant. Both the names Kafr Burayk and Nabi Na'im were indicated for the village in the Ottoman tax registers of 1596, where it was listed in the Nahiya of Khalil in the Liwa of Quds.〔Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 124〕 It had a population of 42 Muslim households and paid taxes on wheat, barley, vineyards or fruit trees, grape syrup or molasses, and goats or beehives.〔 The name "Bani Na'im" was used by Muslim scholar Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi in 1690 during Ottoman rule. He wrote that the village had been known as "Kafr al-Barik" and "now it is known as Qaryat Bani Nu'aym in a diminutive form." It received this name from the Arab tribe of Bani Nu'aym, also referred to as Bani Na'im, who settled there after migrating from the vicinity of Petra in Transjordan.〔Sharon, 1999, pp. (12 )–13.〕 Until the end of the 19th-century, the early Arabic name was used by the residents and Western travelers.〔 Robinson visited Bani Na'im in 1838, noting that it was probably the "very highest point in the hill country of Judea."〔Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 2, p. (187 )〕 When the French traveler Victor Guérin visited in 1860, he found the village almost deserted since the population had left to live in tents as nomads to avoid military conscription.〔Guérin, 1869, pp. (153 )–157. ''Beni-Na'ïm est un village en ce moment presque entièrement désert, car la plupart des habitants ont quitté leurs masons pour aller vivre, sous la tente, de la vie nomade, et tâcher d'échapper ainsi à la loi du recrutement militaire.''〕 He found them living in a tent village one kilometer away, ready to flee to the desert if an attempt was made to enlist them.〔 However, in 1874 the Palestine Exploration Fund's ''Survey of Western Palestine'' (SWP) described it as "a good-sized village" bordered by olive groves to the south and west with many structures built out of ancient materials.〔〔Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. (325 )〕 The residences there were mostly one-story stone cabins.〔Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. (303 )〕 In their second visit in 1881 the SWP described Bani Na'im as well-cultivated with abundant flocks that grazed in desert areas east of the town.〔Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. (304 )〕 The town was a major supplier of sand for the Hebron glass industry. For much of the latter half of Ottoman rule, Bani Na'im was under the administration of the Mutasarif of Jerusalem. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bani Na'im」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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